Factors and Prevention of Head and Neck Cancer
On behalf of the Journal of head and neck Cancer: Open Access, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been Five long years we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 5th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Cancer Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the Journal of head and neck Cancer: Open Access.
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CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY: AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL
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Journal of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention’s Highlights
Cancer Epidemiology represents the study of factors responsible for the initiation, metastasis and prognosis of various types of cancer. Epidemiological research findings on cancer can facilitate the formulation of suitable therapeutic treatment methods and preventive medicines for cancer.
Journal of Cancer Epidemiology & Prevention is a peer reviewed scholarly journal that focuses on the publication of research findings on the role of carcinogens and oncogenes in the manifestation of c... 
HOW CANCER BEGINS
Cells are the basic units that make up the human body. Cells grow and divide to make new cells as the body needs them. Usually, cells die when they get too old or damaged. Then, new cells take their place.
Cancer begins when genetic changes interfere with this orderly process. Cells start to grow uncontrollably. These cells may form a mass called a tumor. A tumor can be cancerous or benign. A cancerous tumor is malignant, meaning it can grow and spread to other parts of the body. A benign tumor means the tumor can grow but will not... 
ROLE OF MUTATION IN GENES
Carcinogenesis is a multi-stage process in which damage to a cell’s genetic material changes the cell from normal to malignant. The damage gradually accumulates in the cell’s growth regulatory system.
Cancer begins with a genetic defect. Human’s genetic factors, meaning genes, are located within the cell structures called chromosomes. Genes control cell functions, such as their distribution. Genes may undergo changes, or mutations, if the cell’s regulatory system fails. A single genetic fault will not usu... 
As sessile organisms, plants are continuously exposed to environmental stress. Since stress avoidance is not an option, plants evolved as organisms that very efficiently acclimate and adapt to stress. Although the mechanism of stress response may be genetically predefined, organisms are capable to modify their responses with various epigenetic changes. Plants are especially flexible in this respect since they do not have a predetermined germ line and thus life experiences in the form of epigenetic memory can be more efficiently passed to the progeny. Indeed, the plasticity of plant phenotyp... 
Vaccines are one of the greatest advances in medicine, with drastic reduction of mortality worldwide. DNA vaccines are based on plasmid DNA encoding specific antigens, and were once considered third-generation vaccines. Over the last three decades, this technology has been applied for investigation of prevention or treatment of infections caused by different pathogens, as well as for the treatment of cancer, allergies and autoimmune diseases.
One of the advantages of DNA vaccines is the in vivo expression of the antigen, which avoids incorrect folding of the recombinant protein an... 
The advent of the ancient DNA field 34 years ago, with the publication of DNA sequences from the extinct Quagga, changed the way scientists look at ecology and evolution. For the first time evolution could be studied in ‘real-time’ rather than relying on contemporaneous samples to study the past. The invention of next generation sequencing technologies led to further technological advances in the field, making the sequencing of whole ancient genomes possible, allowing macro- and micro-evolutionary processes to be examined in ever finer detail. Time and again, ancient DNA, combin... 
HOW DOES CANCER START?
Carcinogenesis is a multi-stage process in which damage to a cell’s genetic material changes the cell from normal to malignant. The damage gradually accumulates in the cell’s growth regulatory system.
Cancer begins with a genetic defect. Human’s genetic factors, meaning genes, are located within the cell structures called chromosomes. Genes control cell functions, such as their distribution. Genes may undergo changes, or mutations, if the cell’s regulatory system fails. A single genetic fault will not usuall... 
CANCER DETECTION, SCREENING AND TREATMENT
Cancer is a general term for a large group of diseases, whose causes, characteristics and occurrence can vary greatly. There is no completely clear-cut definition of cancer. Cancer is particularly a disease of older people. Due to population ageing, we have seen an increase in cancer incidence.
There are over 260 000 people in Finland who have had cancer at some stage in their lifetime.
More and more people are able to recover from the disease. The scope for recovery depends on many things, such as the ... 
Uses of Biomarkers in Cancer Research
A cancer biomarker refers to a substance or process that is indicative of the presence of cancer in the body. A biomarker may be a molecule secreted by a tumor or a specific response of the body to the presence of cancer. Genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, glycomic, and imaging biomarkers can be used for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and epidemiology. Ideally, such biomarkers can be assayed in non-invasively collected biofluids like blood or serum.
Developing drug targets
In addition to their u... 
Definition of Cancer Biomarker
A cancer biomarker refers to a substance or process that is indicative of the presence of cancer in the body. A biomarker may be a molecule secreted by a tumor or a specific response of the body to the presence of cancer. Genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, glycomic, and imaging biomarkers can be used for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and epidemiology. Ideally, such biomarkers can be assayed in non-invasively collected biofluids like blood or serum.
While numerous challenges exist in translating biomarker research into the clini... 
A drug must interact with its target(s) to achieve the therapeutic effects. Mutation in drug target is a critical mechanism that results in drug resistance. The aim of this topic is to highlight clinically-relevant mutations in drug targets that lead to resistance to anticancer or antivirus agents as well as current strategies in overcoming these resistances.
There are several scenarios under which a mutation could lead to drug resistance. Mutations could reduce the binding affinity of a drug to its target or render the target constitutively active. Worse yet, mut... 
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War against Cancer
Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen. Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent (which almost always involves combinations of drugs), or it may aim to prolong life or to reduce symptoms (palliative chemotherapy). Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer, which is called medical oncology.
The term chemotherapy has come to connote non-... 
History of Cancer
The earliest known descriptions of cancer appear in several papyri from Ancient Egypt. The Edwin Smith Papyrus was written around 1600 BC (possibly a fragmentary copy of a text from 2500 BC) and contains a description of cancer, as well as a procedure to remove breast tumours by cauterization.
Hippocrates (ca. 460 BC – ca. 370 BC) described several kinds of cancer, referring to them by the term karkinos (carcinos), the Greek word for crab or crayfish, as well as carcinoma. This comes from the appearance of the cut surface of a sol... 
Genes involved in cancer
The goal of oncogenomics is to identify new oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes that may provide new insights into cancer diagnosis, predicting clinical outcome of cancers, and new targets for cancer therapies. As the Cancer Genome Project stated in a 2004 review article, "a central aim of cancer research has been to identify the mutated genes that are causally implicated in oncogenesis (cancer genes)." The Cancer Genome Atlas project is a related effort investigating the genomic changes associated with cancer, w... 
Cause and development of cancer
The epidemiology of cancer is the study of the factors affecting cancer, as a way to infer possible trends and causes. The study of cancer epidemiology uses epidemiological methods to find the cause of cancer and to identify and develop improved treatments.
This area of study must contend with problems of lead time bias and length time bias. Lead time bias is the concept that early diagnosis may artificially inflate the survival statistics of a cancer, without really improving the natural history of the di... 
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On behalf of the 
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On behalf of the 
VOLUME 5 – ISSUE 1 : CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY
PREVENT CANCER
TOGETHER LET’S PREVENT CANCER
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The 
JOURNAL’S VOLUME 5 - CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY & PREVENTION
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LET US PREVENT CANCER
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On behalf of the Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been six long years we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 6th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Cancer Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you 
On behalf of the Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been Six long years we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 6th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Cancer Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to 
VOLUME 5 - CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY
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VOLUME 5 - JOURNAL OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY & PREVENTION
For the benefit of the Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my particular respect and benefit to educate you that, it's been Five long years we have begun the Journal, presently we are commending the fifth Anniversary and we are favored to invite Cancer Society to our diary. As Editor-In-Chief it is my extraordinary joy and respect to invite you to the Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access.
The Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access intends to scatter information and advance discourse through the distribution of companion inspected, top n... 
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On behalf of the Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been Five long years we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 5th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Cancer Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access.
The general idea has been that as tumors grow and cancer cells accumulate more and more genetic changes, or mutations, some cells acquire the ability to move fro... 
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On behalf of the Journal of Head and Neck Cancer Research, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been three long years we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 4th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Analytical Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the Journal of Head and Neck Cancer Research.
The Journal of 
Journal of Medical oncology celebrates more than 4 years of its existence in the field of Oncology and research and extends a very warm welcome to all the authors, researchers, editors and student to contribute their latest research findings as full length articles to this collaborative medical journal. The journal is committed to serve its readers authors by adding the state of the art facilities to enhance the author’s scholarly visibility. Journal of Medical oncology aim is to publish the work and reports on Oncology related diseases and high unmet medical need are based on innovat... 