The present study comprised of two phases. The first phase was a Case-Control study in which 72 newly diagnosed primary NS patients in the age group of 18-65 years and 72 age and sex matched healthy subjects were included. Control subjects were free from any clinical illness. Informed consent was obtained from all the subjects and the study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Fasting blood samples were collected, serum separated and stored at -80°C until analysis. Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) were estimated in serum by semi-autoanalyser kit method. Serum AnxA5 was estimated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) were calculated by Friedwalds formula.

Atherogenic Index (AI) was measured by the formula log (TG/HDL) (12). TC/HDL and LDL/AnxA5 ratios were also calculated. All the NS patients were treated with the recommended regime of steroids depending on the type of primary NS, following the KDIGO guidelines. In the second phase of the study, the patients were followed up during their regular check up in the hospital, for a period of ten months. Out of 72 NS patients only 27 attained remission in this time period and they were included in the remission group. Remission: Normalization of proteinuria (to

Sample size was calculated based on the statistical formula for paired t test. IBM SPSS, version 20.0 was used for the analysis. Quantitative data was expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed parameters and as median ± Inter Quartile Range (IQR) for non-normal distributions. Case-control comparisons were performed by paired students t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test for normal distribution and skewed distributions respectively. Pearsons and Spearmans tests were used for correlation analyses. In Phase II of the study, One way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test were used to compare the results of cases, controls and remission groups.

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Denise Williams
Managing Editor
Biomarkers Journal